@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref27946, author = {Irene Barnes and Arista Fourie and Michael J Wingfield and Thomas Harrington and Douglas L McNew and Lionel S Sugiyama and Blaine C Luiz and Wade P Heller and Lisa Keith}, title = {New Ceratocystis species associated with rapid death of Metrosideros polymorpha in Hawaii.}, year = {2018}, keywords = {Ceratocystidaceae, fungal barcoding genes, ITS types, invasive species}, doi = {10.3767/persoonia.2018.40.07}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Persoonia}, volume = {40}, number = {}, pages = {154--181}, abstract = {The native ohia lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha) has cultural, biological and ecological significance to Hawaii, but it is seriously threatened by a disease commonly referred to as rapid ohia death (ROD). Preliminary investigations showed that a Ceratocystis species similar to C. fimbriata sensu lato was the cause of the disease. In this study, we used a combination of the phylogenetic, morphological and biological species concepts, as well as pathogenicity tests and microsatellite analyses, to characterise isolates collected from diseased ohia trees across Hawaii Island. Two distinct lineages, representing new species of Ceratocystis, were evident based on multigene phylogenetic analyses. These are described here as C. lukuohia and C. huliohia. Ceratocystis lukuohia forms part of the Latin American clade (LAC) and was most closely associated with isolates from Syngonium and Xanthosoma from the Caribbean and elsewhere, including Hawaii, and C. platani, which is native to eastern USA. Ceratocystis huliohia resides in the Asian-Australian clade (AAC) and is most closely related to C. uchidae, C. changhui and C. cercfabiensis, which are thought to be native to Asia. Morphology and interfertility tests support the delineation of these two new species and pathogenicity tests show that both species are aggressive pathogens on seedlings of M. polymorpha. Characterisation of isolates using microsatellite markers suggest that both species are clonal and likely represent recently-introduced strains. Intensive research is underway to develop rapid screening protocols for early detection of the pathogens and management strategies in an attempt to prevent the spread of the pathogens to the other islands of Hawaii, which are currently disease free.} }

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