@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref18901, author = {Sita R Ghimire and Nikki Charlton and Jennifer Rudgers and Carolyn Young and Kelly D Craven}, title = {Prevalence of an intra-specific Neotyphodium hybrid in natural populations of Stout Wood Reed (Cinna arundinacea L.) from eastern North America}, year = {2010}, keywords = {Endophyte, ergot alkaloids, lolines, lolitrems, Neotyphodium schardlii, peramine, symbiosis}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {The members of genus Neotyphodium are asexual derivatives of sexual Epichlo? species and maintain endophytic relationships with many cool season grasses. Most Neotyphodium species analyzed so far are interspecific hybrids, with combined or partial genomes of two or three ancestors. In this study, we characterized Neotyphodium endophytes from Cinna arundinacea, a perennial cool season grass from eastern North America. A total of 23 isolates grouping into two distinct morphotypes were obtained from five local populations of C. arundinacea. PCR and cloning of translation-elongation factor 1-α (tefA) and beta-tubulin (tubB) genes of ten isolates comprising both morphotypes (two isolates location-1) revealed that all ten contain two copies of tef1 and tub2 genes. Surprisingly, phylogenetic analysis of mainly non-coding regions from these genes revealed that both copies of each isolate were inherited from Epichlo? typhina ancestors, suggesting the C. arundinacea endophytes arose through intra-specific hybridization between two E. typhina isolates from hosts Poa nemoralis and Poa pratensis. Profiling of alkaloid biosynthetic genes from these isolates suggests the presence of the peramine biosynthetic gene (perA) and the absence of genes required for biosynthesis of ergot alkaloid, lolines and lolitrems. Thus, this endophyte is potentially capable of producing peramine in planta and providing protection to its host from insect pests. The absence of genes for ergot and lolitrem alkaloid biosynthesis makes this endophyte a candidate for agricultural applications. Based on the phylogeny, alkaloid profiling and morphological characteristics, these isolates from C. arundinacea are now named as Neotyphodium schardlii, a new member of genus Neotyphodium and the first described to have arisen through an intraspecific hybridization event.} }

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